ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana kila i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale nui ka hopena kūlohelohe o nā kūlana i kau ʻia ma luna o nā mea nona ka waiwai e waiho ana i loko o nā ʻāpana o nā kūlanakauhale nui, a me ka hopena o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea hou a me nā mea hana.Ma waho aʻe o nā noʻonoʻo nani i hoʻokumu ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā spres, nā hale kiaʻi, nā domes, nā hale kiʻekiʻe, &c, ʻo ke ʻano a me ke kiʻekiʻe o nā hale i mālama nui ʻia e ka noʻonoʻo pono ʻana i ko lākou waiwai no ka hoʻohana pilikino a hoʻolimalima paha.ʻO ke kumukūʻai o nā hale o ka papa like a me ka hoʻopau ʻana e pili pono ana i ko lākou cubic maʻiʻo, a ʻo kēlā me kēia kapuaʻi cubic i kūkulu ʻia ʻaʻole pono ke kūʻai aku i kāna ʻāpana i ka uku ʻana i ka uku paneʻe ma ke kapikala i hoʻokomo ʻia.A hiki i ka hapa hope o ke kenekulia 19, ua kaupalena kēia mau manaʻo i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā hale ma nā alanui o ke kūlanakauhale i ʻelima a ʻeono paha papa.ʻO ka hana ʻana i ka hao hao "I" i ka makahiki 1855 ua hiki ke hana ʻia ke ahi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, a, me ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o nā mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe kaʻa (e nānā i nā Elevators; Lifts or Hoists) ma kahi o ʻumi makahiki ma hope mai, ua alakaʻi ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā hale. hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau hōkele, hale paʻa, nā keʻena, nā hale hana, a me nā hana ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, i loaʻa i nā hale kūʻai ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka mea i ʻike mua ʻia.ʻO ka palena kūpono o ke kiʻekiʻe i loaʻa i ka wā e hana nui ʻia ai ka ʻāpana ʻāpana o ka masonry o nā pā o nā paia o waho o ka hale haʻahaʻa, i mea e kākoʻo pono ai i ke kaumaha o ka ukana make o nā paia a me nā papahele. ʻO ka ukana pōʻino i kau ʻia ma luna o ka mea hope i hoʻohana ʻia, e hoʻopilikia nui i ka waiwai o nā papa haʻahaʻa ma muli o ka nalowale o ka mālamalama a me ka lewa o ka papahele.Ua ʻike ʻia kēia palena ma kahi o ʻumi papa.Ua hana ʻia nā ʻano mea like ʻole e hōʻemi i ka nui o nā uwa o waho.ʻO ka hao a i ʻole ke kila ma ke ʻano he pani no ka lāʻau no nā kumu hana i manaʻo ʻia he ahi a pale ʻole paha i ke ahi no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke puhi ʻia, a no kēia kumu ʻaʻole ia i hoʻololi wale i ka lāʻau i nā hiʻohiʻona he nui o ke kūkulu hale akā hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi ma ke ʻano he pani no ka masonry.I ka manawa naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka hao wale nō ʻaʻole ia he pale ahi, akā pono e pale ʻia me nā uhi pale ahi;akā, i ka wā i haku ʻia ai nā ʻano mea ʻoluʻolu o ia mau mea, ua holomua pū ko lākou ulu ʻana me ka hao a me ke kila a me ka hui pū ʻana.
ʻO nā hale i loko o ke kila he hana "iwi" a i ʻole "cage".Penei ka wehewehe ʻana i kēia mau huaʻōlelo: I ka hana ʻana i ka "iwi" ua kūkulu ʻia nā kolamu a me nā kāʻei me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopili pono ʻana a ʻaʻole hiki ke lawe i nā paona i makemake ʻia me ke kākoʻo ʻole i hāʻawi ʻia e nā paia;a i ʻole, e like me ka hana hou ʻana, ua paʻa pono nā paia a ua lawe ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka hale e ka hana kila iwi.ʻO kaʻO ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana he ʻano hana piha a pili pono o ka hao a i ʻole ke kila e hiki ke lawe ʻaʻole i nā papahele wale nō akā i nā paia, ka hale, a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka hale, a i hana maikaʻi ʻia me ka pale makani e hoʻopaʻa i kona palekana kūʻokoʻa ma lalo o nā kūlana āpau. ka hoʻouka ʻana a me ka hōʻike ʻana, lawe ʻia nā ukana a pau i ka honua ma o nā kolamu ma nā wahi i koho mua ʻia.Ma ʻAmelika ma lalo o kēia ʻōnaehana hiki ke kūkulu ʻia nā paia mai kēlā me kēia pae, akā ma ʻEnelani nā koi o ka hale hana e like me ka mānoanoa o nā pā e pale ai i ka hoʻohana maʻamau o kēia ʻano hana.
ʻO ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o "Cage" he ʻano hao a i ʻole ke kila i hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia e hiki ke lawe i nā papahele wale nō akā i nā paia, ka hale, a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe a pau o ka hale, a ua hana maikaʻi ʻia me ka pale makani e hoʻopaʻa i kona palekana kūʻokoʻa ma lalo. nā kūlana a pau o ka hoʻouka ʻana a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana, hoʻouna ʻia nā ukana a pau i ka honua ma o nā kolamu ma nā wahi i koho mua ʻia.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-07-2022